Interlocking links and toys formed therefrom

ABSTRACT

A variety of interlocking links can be connected to each other and to cylindrical or other shaped tubes. The links incorporate features that may facilitate removably connecting multiple links to one another and removably connecting links to tubes at a wide range of angles to form a variety of multi-dimensional shapes, while obviating the need to use tape or glue.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This Application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/147,650, filed Apr. 15, 2015, and claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/238,101, filed Oct. 6, 2015, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates generally to interlocking links that can be connected to one another and other reusable items and employed in an amusement device or system.

Certain household products, such as bathroom tissue, paper towels, and aluminum foil are often sold rolled on paper cylinders or tubes. After these household products are exhausted, an issue remains relating to disposition of the paper cylinder or tube. Many consumers opt to discard the tubes. This is a convenient option, but contributes to volume of waste, for example, in landfills. Other consumers opt to recycle the tubes. This option is more environmentally friendly, but still involves the use of energy and other resources in the recycling process.

Still other consumers, particularly consumers with children, may repurpose the tubes for a variety of uses, including, for example, household and school projects. Many such projects may involve connecting paper tubes or cylinders together to form larger structures, such as, for example, simulated animals and buildings. Conventionally, paper tubes or cylinders may be connected to one another using tape or glue. This approach may present a number of challenges, such as, for example, connecting the tubes at uncommon angles, difficulty of assembly, and/or aesthetic challenges associated with excessive use of tape or glue.

SUMMARY

Examples according to this disclosure are directed to a variety of connector devices, which can be used to connect to one another and to cylindrical or other shaped tubes to form a variety of combinations. The connectors incorporate features that may facilitate connecting each other and the tubes at a wide range of angles to form a variety of multi-dimensional shapes, while obviating the need to use tape or glue. Such features can potentially improve the aesthetics and simplify the assembly of objects produced using the connectors disclosed herein. Further, structures produced using the connectors disclosed herein can be disassembled, facilitating reuse of the connectors and of, e.g., the paper-based tubes of exhausted household products.

The details of examples of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of examples according to this disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an example interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are detail views of a slotted notch of an interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIGS. 16A-16F depict a combination of interlocking links that are removably coupled and moveable relative to each other.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view depicting an example combination of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure.

FIGS. 18A and 18B depict two example interlocking links of different sizes.

FIG. 19 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 20 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of another example interlocking link.

FIG. 22 is a partial section view of an example interlocking link.

FIGS. 23-25 depict interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure coupled to building elements of another toy building system.

FIGS. 26-40 depict example interlocking links connected to one another and/or to paper-based tubes of exhausted paper towels and bathroom tissues to form a number of example configurations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/211,881, filed Mar. 14, 2014, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/789,347, filed Mar. 15, 2013, and is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/213,123, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/789,347, filed Mar. 15, 2013, and 61/865,445, filed on Aug. 13, 2013, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

A number of example toy connector devices and systems are described below in detail. In general, however, devices and systems in accordance with this disclosure include a variety of differently shaped toy connector devices (also referred to hereinafter as “links” and “interlocking links”) that are configured to be repeatedly connect to and disconnect from one another to form articles of amusement like, for example, a toy car, robot, dinosaur, or other article that children and adults may find amusing. The interlocking links can be used in a virtually limitless number of combinations and can be used repeatedly to form different toys (figures, vehicles, structures, etc.) over time. The links can be packaged, sold, and used as part of a pre-planned combination to form a pre-planned toy. For example, a particular combination of interlocking links can be sold in a kit with directions to connect the links in a particular manner to form a particular toy, for example, a toy robot.

The interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure are also configured to be connected with other articles that are typically discarded, thus facilitating re-use or upcycling of articles that might otherwise be thrown away or recycled. For example, links in accordance with this disclosure are configured to be connected to one another and to paper-based tubes of exhausted household products like tubes from exhausted rolls of bathroom tissue and paper towels. In this manner, example interlocking links can form the building blocks of an amusement device or system, for example a toy or a game that users can use repeatedly to create different shapes/objects out of the links and, in some cases, waste products of common household items.

At least some links in accordance with this disclosure share some common characteristics. For example, the links include a flat link body with a substantially uniform thickness. Stated another way, the links in accordance with this disclosure are essentially two dimensional in the sense that the shape of the link varies in two dimensions (for example, length and width), but, in the third dimension, is uniform (for example, thickness). Examples include flat, uniform thickness Y, X, O (toric), I, L, and U or V shaped links, as illustrated in the figures and described in detail below.

Some links include common shape characteristics in different particular shape varieties. For example, Y, X, and I links each include a central region from which extends multiple arms or appendages. The Y link includes a central region with three arms extending therefrom. The X link includes a central region with four arms extending therefrom. In one example, adjacent arms of the X link are approximately perpendicular to one another. The I link includes a central region, from which two arms extend. Each of the Y, X, and I links can include a slotted notch extending from the distal end of each arm toward the central region of the links.

Other common characteristics of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure include the mechanisms by which the links connect to one another and to other articles. For example, many example links connect to one another by a removable connection between one link including a slot that is sized and shaped to receive a second link such that the two removably connected links are approximately perpendicular to one another. Stated another way, the uniform thickness of any link can be received in the slot of another link such that the two links are removably connected to one another and are disposed approximately perpendicular relative to one another when so connected.

Some slots by which links are connected to one another also share common characteristics. For example, some slots formed in example links extend proximally from a periphery or distal portion toward a central or proximal region of the link. The slot includes an open distal end formed in the perhiphery of the link and terminates at a closed proximal end. The open distal end may be notched to form an opening that is larger than more proximal portions of the slot. This notched, open distal end of the slot can facilitate connection between multiple links by providing an enlarged ramp through/along which one link can be easily fed into the slot of another link.

Between the open distal end and the closed proximal end of the slot, a number of protrusions may be formed on and extend from the side of the slot toward the inner, open portion of the slot. The protrusions, which are sometimes referred to herein as “ridges” and “ramps,” effectively vary the size of the opening defined by the slot along the length of the slot. The number and arrangement of and the variations in slot width defined by the protrusions of the slot function to enable the link with the slot to be removably coupled to other links in accordance with this disclosure.

The inter-connection of multiple links is configured to easily secure links to one another and also allow the connected links to be easily disconnected and reused for another combination (for example, to build a different toy). This removable and reusable connection between multiple links configures the links to be easily and securely coupled to one another to build a toy and also allows the constructed toy to be easily disassembled so that the links can be used again to build a different structure. This feature of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure provides a system that is intended to satisfy the user's need for ease of use and reuse. Although there are a large number of different ways to achieve a connection between interlocking links of this sort, the inventors of the present application have discovered particular link configurations and associated mechanisms for achieving a secure and reusable interlock that is intended to be pleasing and easy for users to employ in building toys.

Some example links are generally circular. For example, the O or toric link includes a flat ring with a hole in the center. Other example links include a flat, uniform thickness circular link without a hole and including multiple slots, slotted notches, and/or notches distributed circumferentially around and extending proximally from the periphery of the circular link.

Some example links include a circular portion and an arm or appendage extending from the circular portion. For example, a link in accordance with this disclosure can include a circular potion with a hole centered on the center of the circular portion and an arm extending from the circular portion. A longitudinal axis extending along the length and aligned with the middle of the arm can be aligned with the center of the central portion and the hole of the link. In other words, the arm of such example links extends outward along a radius of the circular portion. In another example, a link in accordance with this disclosure can include a circular potion with a hole centered on the center of the circular portion and two arms extending distally from opposite sides of the circular portion. The two arms can share a common longitudinal axis, which extends along the length and is aligned with the middle of both arms and is also aligned with the center of the central portion and the hole of the link.

Links including a hole, like the 0 or toric link can be configured to connect to another link or another article without using a slot or slotted notch connection described above. The arm of one link and the hole of another link can be sized such that the arm is configured to press-fit into the hole to couple the two links. For example, the arm of an Y, X, or I link can be press-fit into the hole of an O or toric link. The hole of the O or toric link can also be sized to receive a paper tube of an exhausted household product like paper towels or bathroom tissues.

In some cases, two links including arms and slotted notches are coupled to one another via the slotted notch connection described above and then both arms of the two links are press-into an aperture of a third link. In some such examples, the first two links joined via the slotted notch connection are disposed approximately perpendicular to one another. In this arrangement, the two arms of the first two links form an X where the two legs of the X are approximately perpendicular to one another. The aperture of the third link surrounds and is stabilized by the X cross-sectional shape of the two arms of the first two links. Although connecting the arm of one link with a second link with aperture by press fitting the arm into the aperture is possible, the inventors have discovered that coupling two links via slotted notch connection and then press fitting the arms of the two links into the aperture of the third link improves the stability and overall performance of the connection between the interlocking links.

Some links in accordance with this disclosure are configured to couple to one another such that the links are removably connected and also can move relative to one another when connected. Stated another way, multiple links can be connected such that the connected links, without any additional device or mechanism, form an articulating joint there between, which joint imparts one or more degrees of freedom of movement on the combination of removably connected links.

In one example in which multiple links are connected such that the links form an articulating joint there between, a first link includes an arm with two protrusions extending outward from respective sides (sides defining uniform thickness) of the arm and a second link includes an aperture. The arm of the first link is received into the aperture of the second link such that the second link is pushed past the two protrusions extending outwardly from the arm of the first link. The protrusions keep the second link from sliding off or being easily pushed off of the arm of the first link, while still allowing the second link to rotate about the arm of the first link.

In some cases, two links including arms and slotted notches are coupled to one another via the slotted notch connection described above and then both arms of the two links are press-into the aperture of the third link. The third link is pushed past protrusions extending outwardly from the sides of at least one of the arms of the first two links. The protrusions keep the third link from sliding off or being easily pushed off of the arms of the first two links, while still allowing the third link to rotate about the arms of the first two links.

In examples with articulating joints, the link with the aperture can include a circular portion and at least one arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion. The aperture can be centrally aligned with the circular portion and the arm can extend along a radial axis of the circular portion and aperture. In such a case, the link with the circular portion, arm, and aperture can form part of a character (for example, human, animal, or robot) with the circular portion rotatably coupled to arm(s) of one or two other links forming a joint of the appendage and the arm extending from the circular portion forming the appendage of the character being constructed from the links (for example, the arm or leg of a human, animal, robot, etcetera).

In some examples, the flat, uniform thickness interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure fall into one of three general categories characterized by the type of two-dimensional shape of the link. One category of links are generally rectilinear shapes with a central or proximal region from which two or more arms or appendages extend distally, including Y-type, I-type, and X-type links, among others. Another category of links are generally circular shapes with or without a central thru hole or aperture. A third category of links include a circular portion and one or more arms or appendages extending distally from the circular portion. The circular portion of these links can include a central thru hole or aperture.

As used herein, “proximal” refers to a direction generally toward a central or inner region of an interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure, and “distal” refers to the opposite direction of proximal, i.e., away from the central or inner region of the link.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an example Y-type interlocking link 100. The Y-type link 100 is generally “Y” shaped with a central region 101 and three arms 102, 104, 106 extending distally from central region 101. Each of arms 102, 104, 106 includes a slotted notch 108 formed therein. The slotted notches 108 each have a substantially triangular portion 110 and a linear portion 112. Another way of describing slotted notch 108 and other such slotted notches in accordance with this disclosure is that the slotted notch includes a distal notch at the outer periphery of the link and a slot extending proximally from the distal notch.

The linear portions 112 provide a friction or press-fit mechanism by which Y-type link 100 can be interlocked with other links in accordance with this disclosure. For example, at least a portion of the linear portion 112 can include a width, W, that is less than the thickness of Y-type link 100 and other links in accordance with this disclosure. Thus, two Y-type links or Y-type link 100 and another link in accordance with this disclosure can be interlocked with one another by pressing one link into linear portion 112 of slotted notch 108. The undersized width of linear portion 112 relative to the thickness of the link received in linear portion 112 functions to interlock the two links.

The triangular portion 110 of slotted notch 108 can also facilitate connecting Y-type link 100 to other links in accordance with this disclosure. For example, the triangular portion 110 provides an opening to slotted notch 108 that is larger than linear portion 112. As such, the triangular portion 110 can function to guide placement of another link into linear portion 112 to connect the two links to one another.

In one example, slotted notch 108, including triangular portion 110 and linear portion 112, is approximately 1.1 inches long. However, in other examples, slotted notch 108 can have a larger or smaller length. Additionally, the particular shape and sizing of triangular portion 110 or another notched opening of a slotted notch in accordance with this disclosure can differ from that shown in FIG. 1.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the angle between arms 102 and 104 is approximately 90 degree. The angles between arms 102 and 106 and between arms 104 and 106 are approximately 135 degree. This variation in angles allows paper tubes or cylinders to be connected at either 90 degree or 135 degree angles. It will be appreciated that other examples of the Y-type link 100 may have arms at different angles than shown in FIG. 1, e.g., evenly spaced at substantially 120 degree apart. More generally, the particular length, angle between, and shape of distally extending arms of links in accordance with this disclosure may, in some cases, be different than shown in FIG. 1 and many different particular configurations are possible.

In one example, the arms 102, 104, 106 are approximately 1.7 inches wide. This dimension is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a cylindrical tube of the type commonly used to package bathroom tissue or paper towels. Accordingly, when a cylindrical tube of an exhausted household product is connected to Y-type link 100 by inserting an arm of the link into the tube, an arm (102, 104, 106) of link 100 applies pressure to the inner surface of the tube, facilitating a friction fit between link 100 and the tube. In another example, arms 102, 104, 106 can have widths that are adapted to be press fit into different sized tubes, e.g., different sized paper-based tubes of exhausted household products. Additionally, arms 102, 104, 106 can have widths that are adapted to be press fit into a thru hole or aperture of an interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure.

Arms 102, 104, 106 each include chamfers 114 on the distal end of each arm. Chamfers 114 can assist in press-fitting tubes or other structures onto arms 102, 104, 106 by providing a reduced width by which to initially insert the distal ends of arms 102, 104, 106 into the inner diameter of a tube or of an aperture of another interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure.

In the example of FIG. 1, arms 102 and 104 are approximately the same length and arm 106 is longer than arms 102 and 104. For example, arms 102 and 104 extend distally from central region 101 of Y-type link 100 by approximately the same distance, while arm 106 extends distally from central region 101 by a distance that is greater than arms 102 and 104. However, in other examples, arms extending distally from a central region of a link in accordance with this disclosure can have all the same lengths.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of an example I-type interlocking link 200 in accordance with this disclosure. I-type link 200 is generally “I” shaped formed by a central region 201 and two arms 202, 204 extending distally in opposite directions from central region 201. The I-type link 200 may be used, for example, to connect cylindrical tubes of an exhausted household product in a straight-line fashion or to connect to other links in accordance with this disclosure. I-type link 200 has two slotted notches 206 extending proximally from distal ends of arms 202, 204. Slotted notches 206 can be shaped and function similarly to slotted notches 108 of Y-type link 100.

In one example, slotted notches 206 are both approximately 1.1 inches long. However, in other examples, slotted notches 206 can have larger or smaller lengths. Additionally, slotted notches 206 can have different lengths.

In one example, the I-type link 200 including arms 202, 204 is approximately 1.7 inches wide. This dimension is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a paper tube of the type commonly used to package bathroom tissue or paper towels. Accordingly, when such a tube is connected to link 200, link 200 applies pressure to the inner surface of the tube, facilitating a friction fit between link 200 and the tube. In another example, I-type link 200 including arms 202, 204 can have different widths that are adapted to be press fit into different sized tubes or other structures, e.g., different sized paper-based tubes of exhausted household products.

Arms 202, 204 each include chamfers 212 on the distal end of each arm. Chamfers 212 can assist in press-fitting tubes onto arms 202, 204 by providing a reduced width by which to initially insert the distal ends of arms 202, 204 into the inner diameter of a tube.

In one example, I-type link 200 is approximately 5.5 inches long, which allows I-type link 200 to be received within a standard bathroom tissue tube such that the distal ends of arms 202 and 204 extend slightly beyond the ends of the tube. In such an arrangement, I-type link 200 can be coupled to the tube and additional links can be connected to the distal ends of arms 202 and 204.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an example X-type interlocking link 300 in accordance with this disclosure. The X-type link 300 is generally “X” shaped with a central region 301 and four arms 302, 304, 306, 308 extending distally from central region 301. In one example, X-type link 300 is approximately 4.5 inches from the distal end of arm 302 to the distal end of arm 306 and from the distal end of arm 304 to the distal end of arm 308. In one example, each arm 302, 304, 306, 308 is approximately 1.7 inches wide, which is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a paper tube of the type commonly used to package bathroom tissue or paper towels. In such cases, when such a paper tube is connected to link 300, link 300 applies pressure to the inner surface of the tube, facilitating a friction fit between link 300 and the tube.

The arms 302, 304, and 308 may have slotted notches 310 that may be shaped similarly to the slotted notches 108 of FIG. 1. In the example of FIG. 3, arm 306 has a longer slotted notch 312, which, in one example, can be approximately 2.25 inches long. This longer slotted notch 312 facilitates connecting two X-type links 300 in an interlocking fashion.

Arms 302, 304, 306, 308 each include chamfers 314 on the distal end of each arm. Chamfers 314 can assist in press-fitting tubes onto arms 302, 304, 306, 308 by providing a reduced width by which to initially insert the distal ends of arms 302, 304, 306, 308 into the inner diameter of a tube.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the respective angles between arms 302, 304, 306, 308 is approximately 90 degrees. However, other examples of the X-type link 300 may have arms at different angles than shown in FIG. 3. Additionally, arms 302, 304, 306, 308 are approximately the same length in the example of FIG. 3. However, in other examples, arms extending distally from a central region of an X-type link in accordance with this disclosure can have different lengths.

X-type link 300 also includes outer protrusions 316 extending outward from opposite outer sides of arms 302 and 306. Outer protrusions 316 of X-type link and other such structures on other example links facilitate connection of multiple links to one another such that the links are removably connected and also can move relative to one another when connected.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an example O-type interlocking link 400 in accordance with this disclosure. O-type link 400 is a generally circular, “O” shaped link, which includes a number of triangle notches 402 formed around and extending proximally from the perimeter/circumferential edge. The shape of O-type link 400 can be described as toric or doughnut shaped. As noted, however, O-type link 400 is essentially two-dimensional and the shape of the major faces of link 400 may therefore also be described as a flat ring defining a central aperture or thru hole.

The size of O-type link can vary in different examples of such an interlocking link. However, in one example, O-type link 400 has an inner diameter of approximately 1.7 inches to allow a standard bathroom tissue or paper towel tube to be press fit into O-type link 400. The size of the inner diameter can also be selected to allow the arm of another interlocking link to be press fit into the inner diameter of O-type link 400. Additionally, in one example, O-type link 400 has an outer diameter of approximately 4.5 inches, which can be selected such that O-type link 400 has a similar overall size as one example of an X-type link in accordance with this disclosure.

As noted, O-type link 400 includes a number of triangle notches 402 formed around the perimeter of the link. The triangular notches 402 may be approximately 0.35 inches deep and approximately 3/32 inches wide. The triangular notches 402 may facilitate connection with other link types disclosed herein at a variety of angles. For example, O-type link 400 can be received in a slotted notch of a second link at triangular notch 402. After O-type link 400 is pushed into the slotted notch of the second interlocking link such that the proximal end of the notch is adjacent vertex 404 of triangular notch 402, the two links are connected to one another and the second link can be rotated relative to O-type link 400 to a desired angle.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of an example chip link 500 in accordance with this disclosure. Chip link 500 is generally circular and includes a number of slotted notches 502 formed around and extending proximally from the perimeter of the link. In the example of FIG. 5, slots 502 are shorter and differ from other slotted notches of other links in that the linear portions of slots 502 of chip link 500 do not include any inner protrusions (like ridges or ramps). However, in other examples, chip link 500 could include one or more slotted notches similar to other interlocking slotted notches like examples 108, 206, 310, 312.

In one example, chip link 500 has an outer diameter of approximately 1.7 inches and slots have a length of approximately 0.30 inches. Chip link 500 can be connected to and can be interposed between multiple links in accordance with this disclosure. Additionally, chip link 500 can be used to add stability to other links by extending out from existing slots. In one example, slots 502 are offset slightly from the center of chip link 500, which can allow chip 500 it to connect to other interlocking links in particular orientations with respect to each other.

In one example the outer diameter of chip link 500 is equal to the inner diameter of O-type link 400. In one example, chip link 500 is formed from the material removed from the inner diameter of O-type link 400. For example, chip 500 may be removed from a stock material that has been or will be cut into O-type link 400. In one example, O-type link 400 is formed by punching or cutting the outer diameter of link 400 from a stock sheet material. Before, at the same time, or after the outer diameter of O-type link 400 is punched/cut from the stock sheet, a circular chip is cut to form the inner diameter of O-type link 400 and which can then be used as chip link 500.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an example V-type interlocking link 600 in accordance with this disclosure. V-type link 600 is generally “V” shaped formed by a central or inner region 601 and two arms 602, 604 extending distally from region 601. Arms 602, 604 are disposed at an obtuse angle relative to one another. The particular magnitude of the angle between arms 602, 604 can vary. Additionally, in some examples, arms 602, 604 of a V-type link may be disposed at an acute angle relative to one another. V-type link 600 has two slotted notches 606 extending proximally from distal ends of arms 602, 604. Slotted notches 606 can be shaped and function similarly to slotted notches 108 of Y-type link 100, 206 of I-type link 200, and 310 of X-type link 300.

In one example, slotted notches 606 are both approximately 1.1 inches long. However, in other examples, slotted notches 606 can have larger or smaller lengths. Additionally, slotted notches 606 can have different lengths.

In addition to slotted notches 606 with distal and intermediate ridges and proximal ramp, V-type link 600 includes shorter slotted notch 608. Slot 608 can be similar to slots 502 of chip link 500.

In one example, arms 602, 604 of V-type link 600 are each approximately 1.7 inches wide. This dimension is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a paper tube of the type commonly used to package bathroom tissue or paper towels. Accordingly, when such a tube is connected to link 600, link 600 applies pressure to the inner surface of the tube, facilitating a friction fit between link 600 and the tube.

In another example, V-type link 600 including arms 602, 604 can have different widths that are adapted to be press fit into different sized tubes or other structures. For example, arms 602, 604 may be slightly oversized to the inner diameter of an O-type or other circular interlocking link with thru hole such that V-type link 600 can be press-fit and interlocked with other such links.

Arms 602, 604 each include chamfers 612 on the distal end of each arm. Chamfers 612 can assist in press-fitting tubes and other structures including other interlocking links onto arms 602, 604 by providing a reduced width by which to initially insert the distal ends of arms 602, 604 into the inner diameter of a tube or another link.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an example L-type interlocking link 700 in accordance with this disclosure. L-type link 700 is generally “L” shaped formed by a central or inner region 701 and two arms 702, 704 extending distally from region 701. Arms 702, 704 are disposed at about 90 degrees relative to one another. L-type link 700 has two slotted notches 706 extending proximally from distal ends of arms 702, 704. L-type link 700 also includes a third slotted notch 708 extending proximally toward region 701 from the outer corner at which arms 702, 704 meet. Slotted notch 708 is substantially similar to slotted notches 706, except that the triangular notch of 708 is smaller than the triangular notch portion of 706. Slotted notches 706 and 708 can be shaped and function similarly to slotted notches 108 of Y-type link 100, 206 of I-type link 200, and 310 of X-type link 300.

In one example, slotted notches 706 and 708 are approximately 1.1 inches long. However, in other examples, slotted notches 706 and/or 708 can have larger or smaller lengths. Additionally, slotted notches 706 and 708 can have different lengths.

In one example, arms 702, 704 of L-type link 700 are each approximately 1.7 inches wide. This dimension is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a paper tube of the type commonly used to package bathroom tissue or paper towels. Accordingly, when such a tube is connected to link 700, link 700 applies pressure to the inner surface of the tube, facilitating a friction fit between link 700 and the tube.

In another example, L-type link 700 including arms 702, 704 can have different widths that are adapted to be press fit into different sized tubes or other structures. For example, arms 702, 704 may be slightly oversized to the inner diameter of an O-type or other circular interlocking link with thru hole such that L-type link 700 can be press-fit and interlocked with other such links.

Arms 702, 704 each include chamfers 712 on the distal end of each arm. Chamfers 712 can assist in press-fitting tubes and other structures including other interlocking links onto arms 702, 704 by providing a reduced width by which to initially insert the distal ends of arms 702, 704 into the inner diameter of a tube or another link.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of an example hub link 800 in accordance with this disclosure. Hub link 800 is generally circular and includes a number of slotted notches formed around and extending proximally from the perimeter of the link.

In the example of FIG. 8, hub link 800 includes four shorter slotted notches 802, which can be similar in size, shape, and/or function to slotted notches 502 of chip link 500 and slotted notch 608 of V-type link 600. Example hub link 800 also includes two slotted notches 804. Slotted notches 804 differ from other slotted notches described above in that slotted notches 804 do not include a distal protrusion or ridge. Slotted notches 804 include one ridge 805 extending into the open space defined by and between the distal and proximal ends of slotted notch 804 and ramp 807 located at the proximal end of slotted notch 804. Example hub link 800 also includes slotted notch 806, which includes a distal ridge, two intermediate ridges, and proximal ramp. Slotted notch 806 can be similar in size, shape, and/or function to slotted notch 312 of X-type link 300. In other examples, hub link 800 can include different numbers and combinations of slotted notches arranged in a variety of different locations.

Hub link 800 can be connected to and can be interposed between multiple links in accordance with this disclosure. Additionally, hub link 800 can be used to add stability to other links by extending out from existing slots. In the example of FIG. 8, the one of slotted notches 804 is slightly offset from opposing slotted notch 806 relative to the center of hub link 800. The offset between the one slotted notch 804 and opposite slotted notch 806 can allow hub 800 it to connect to other interlocking links in particular orientations with respect to each other.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are broken plan views of X-type link 300 depicting detail of slotted notch 312. As noted, many example links in accordance with this disclosure connect to one another by a removable connection between one link including a slot that is sized and shaped to receive a second link such that the two removably connected links are approximately perpendicular to one another. Stated another way, the uniform thickness of any link can be received in the slot of another link such that the two links are removably connected to one another and are disposed approximately perpendicular relative to one another. Although FIGS. 9A and 9B depict slotted notch 312 of X-type link 300, the description of the size, shape, structures, and functions of slotted notch 312 applies to other slotted notches of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure.

In FIGS. 9A and 9B, slotted notch 312 includes a generally triangular portion 900 and a linear portion 902. Linear portion 902 is sized such that the width varies along the length from triangular portion to the proximal end of slotted notch 312. The variations in linear portion 902 are defined by distal ridge 904, intermediate ridge(s) 906, and ramp 908. Linear portion 902 includes overall, first, second, third, and fourth widths, W, W1, W2, W3, and W4, respectively, which are defined by the overall width of slot 312 and ridges 904, 906, and 908.

For example, linear portion 902 includes a first width, W1, between distal ridge 904 and the side of linear portion 902 opposite distal ridge 904. Linear portion 902 includes a second width, W2, between intermediate ridge(s) 906 and the side of linear portion 902 opposite intermediate ridge(s) 906. Linear portion 902 includes a third width, W3, at the proximal end of slotted notch 312. Linear portion 902 includes a fourth width, W4, between two ridges protruding from opposite sides of linear portion 902. The overall width, W, of linear portion 902 is between opposite sides of the slot without any protrusion, e.g. ridge or ramp, that effectively reduces the width of the slot.

As noted above, linear portion 902 of slotted notch 312 includes two intermediate ridges 906. Linear portion 902 of slotted notch 312 includes distal ridge 904, while, in other examples, the slotted notch may not include a distal ridge. In other examples, however, slotted notches of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure could include different ridge and ramp configurations, e.g., more than two intermediate ridges, only one intermediate ridge, etc., depending on the length of the linear portion of the slotted notch.

Slotted notch 312 may function to interlock different interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure. In one example, the first, second, and third widths, W1, W2, and W3, respectively, are substantially equal, and the overall width, W, is greater than the first, second, and third widths. Additionally, the fourth width, W4, is less than the first, second, third, and overall widths of linear portion 902 of slotted notch 312. Slotted notch 312 may be configured to couple X-type link 300 to a second link, e.g. another X-type, Y-type, I-type, O-type, chip, or other link in accordance with this disclosure by allowing the second link to be loosely inserted into slotted notch 312 until the second link is pushed to the proximal end of the slotted notch.

For example, the first, second, third, and overall widths, W1, W2, W3 and W, respectively, of linear portion 902 can be greater than the thickness of links 100, 200, and 300. Additionally, the fourth width, W4, of linear portion 902 between two opposing protrusions, e.g., between distal ridge 904 and more distal intermediate ridge 906 or between more proximal intermediate ridge 906 and ramp 908, can be less than the thickness of links 100, 200, and 300. In this case, a second link can be inserted into slotted notch 312 such that the second link is uncoupled to X-type link 300 until it is pushed to the proximal end of the slotted notch. When the second link is pushed to the proximal end, ramp 908 pushes the second link against both intermediate ridges 906, which, in turn, pushes the second link back against distal ridge 904. These pressure points or regions and the press-fit between links provided thereby are schematically illustrated in FIG. 9B. In this manner, when the second link is pushed into the fourth width, W4, of the proximal end of linear portion 902, the second link becomes locked to the first link as the second link is press-fit into the proximal end of the slot and compressed between a distal ridge and intermediate ridge(s).

The interlocking mechanism between links in accordance with this disclosure generally includes a slot with a variable width. In some examples, the variation of the width of the slot can be generally characterized as a series of at least three opposing protrusions that define two reduced slot widths, including the distance between one protrusion and the other side of the slot and the distance between two protrusions. The distance between one protrusion and the other side of the slot can be greater than or approximately equal to the thickness of the link. The distance between two protrusions is less than the thickness of the link. One example series of at least three opposing protrusions that define two reduced slot widths is distal ridge 904, two intermediate ridges 906, and ramp 908 of slotted notch 312. Another example series of three opposing protrusions that define two reduced slot widths is the distal ridge, one intermediate ridge, and proximal ramp of the slotted notches 108, 206, 310, 606, and 706 of Y-type link 100, I-type link 200, X-type link 300, V-type link 600, and L-type link 700, respectively.

One advantage of the slotted notch 312 of X-type link (and slotted notches of other example links in accordance with this disclosure) may be to provide a secure interlock between multiple links, while simultaneously reducing wear on the links from repeatedly connecting and disconnecting them to one another. For example, as a second link can be loosely inserted into the slotted notch 312 until the link reaches the proximal end of the slotted notch, the second link may be less susceptible to portions of slotted notch 312 rubbing and abrading the faces of the link during repeated connection and disconnection.

FIGS. 10-16 depict additional interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure. FIGS. 10-12 depict three different interlocking links with a circular portion and one or more arms or appendages extending distally from the circular portion. In the examples of FIGS. 10-12, the circular portion of these links each includes a central thru hole or aperture. FIGS. 13-15 depict different examples of upside down “T” or “top hat” interlocking links. Upside down T-type links can be employed in some examples in combination with circular or circular with distally extending arm(s) links to form articulating joints.

FIG. 10 depicts example interlocking link 1000 in accordance with this disclosure. Link 1000 includes circular portion 1002 and arm 1004 extending distally from the circular portion. Circular portion 1002 includes a centrally located thru hole 1006, and slotted notches 1008 and triangular notches 1010 extending proximally from the periphery of circular portion 1002. Arm 1004 includes slotted notch 1012 extending proximally from the distal end of arm 1004.

The size of link 1000 can vary in different examples of such a link in accordance with this disclosure. However, in one example, hole 1006 has a diameter of approximately 1.7 inches to allow a standard bathroom tissue or paper towel tube to be press fit into link 1000. The size of the diameter of hole 1006 can also be selected to allow the arm of another interlocking link to be press fit into the hole to connect the second link with link 1000.

Additionally, arm 1004 can be sized to a different width depending upon the application. In one example, arm 1004 is approximately 1.7 inches wide. This dimension is slightly larger than the inner diameter of a cylindrical tube of the type commonly used to package bathroom tissue or paper towels. Accordingly, when a cylindrical tube of an exhausted household product is connected to link 1000 at arm 1004, arm 1004 applies pressure to the inner surface of the tube, facilitating a friction fit between link 1000 and the tube. In another example, arm 1004 can have a width that is adapted to be press fit into different sized tubes, e.g., different sized paper-based tubes of exhausted household products, or other structures, e.g., an interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure. For example, arm 1004 can have a width that is adapted to be press fit into a thru hole or aperture of an interlocking link in accordance with this disclosure.

Link 1000 includes a number of triangle notches 1010 formed around the perimeter of the link. The triangular notches 1020 may facilitate connection with other link types disclosed herein at a variety of angles. For example, link 1000 can be received in a slotted notch of a second link at one of triangular notches 1010. After link 1000 is pushed into the slotted notch of the second interlocking link such that the proximal end of the notch is adjacent vertex 1012 of triangular notch 1010, the two links are connected to one another and the second link can be rotated relative to link 1000 to a desired angle.

Slotted notch 1012, including a distal ridge, one intermediate ridge, and proximal ramp, can be similar in size, shape, and/or function with slotted notches 108, 206, 310, 606, and 706 of Y-type link 100, I-type link 200, X-type link 300, V-type link 600, and L-type link 700, respectively. Slotted notches 1008 include one ridge 1014 extending into the open space defined by and between the distal and proximal ends of slotted notch 1008. Ramp 1016 is located at the proximal end of slotted notch 1008. Slotted notches 1008 can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as slotted notch 804 of hub link 800.

FIGS. 11 and 12 depict two interlocking links that are variations on link 1000. In FIG. 11, example interlocking link 1100 includes a circular portion 1102 and distally extending arm 1104. Link 1100 includes a similar slotted notch (1108 and 1112) and triangular notch (1110) configuration as link 1000 and circular portion 1102 also includes thru hole 1106. However, arm 1104 of link 1100 does not extend distally from circular portion 1102 quite as much as arm 1004 of link 1000 extends from circular portion 1002. In other words, arm 1104 of link 1100 is shorter than arm 1004 of link 1000. In FIG. 12, example interlocking link 1200 includes two arms 1204 and 1205 extending distally from circular portion 1202. Additionally, link 1200 includes two shorter slotted notches 1208, two longer slotted notches 1212, and no triangular notches. Circular portion 1202 includes centrally located thru hole 1206.

The sizing of links 1100 and 1200, including the width of arms 1104, 1204, and 1205, and the diameter of holes 1106 and 1206, can be the same or different than link 1000. Regardless of the particular size, the function of the slotted notches, arms, thru holes and other structures of links 1100 and 1200 can be similar to those functions described above with reference to link 1000.

FIG. 13 depicts example upside down T-type link 1300. Link 1300 includes base 1302 and arm 1304 extending from base 1302. Base 1302 includes a generally linear or straight edge 1303. Link 1300 also includes slotted notch 1306 extending proximally from the edge of base 1302. Slotted notch 1306 includes ridge 1308 and proximal ramp 1310 and can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as slotted notches 1008, 1108, and 1208 of links 1000, 1100, and 1200, respectively.

Upside down T-type link 1300 also includes ridges 1312 protruding outward from the opposite sides of arm 1304. Ridges 1312 can be similar in size, shape, and function as outer protrusions 316 of X-type link 300 of FIG. 3. The purpose and function of ridges 1312 and similar features in other links, for example, outer protrusions 316 of X-type link 300 is described below with reference to FIGS. 16A-16F.

FIG. 14 depicts example upside down T-type link 1400. Link 1400 includes base 1402 and arm 1404 extending from base 1402. Base 1402 includes a curved edge 1403. Link 1400 also includes slotted notch 1406 extending proximally from the distal end of arm 1404. Slotted notch 1406 includes distal ridge 1407, intermediate ridge 1408, and proximal ramp 1410 and can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as slotted notches 108, 206, 310, 606, and 706 of Y-type link 100, I-type link 200, X-type link 300, V-type link 600, and L-type link 700, respectively.

Upside down T-type link 1400 also includes ridges 1412 protruding outward from the opposite sides of arm 1404. Ridges 1412 can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as outer protrusions 316 and ridges 1312 of X-type link 300 and link 1300, respectively.

FIG. 15 depicts example upside down T-type link 1500. Link 1500 includes base 1502 and three arms 1504, 1506, and 1508. Link 1500 also includes slotted notches 1510 extending proximally from the distal ends of arms 1506 and 1508 and longer slotted notch 1512 extending proximally from the edge of base 1502, which is also a shared outer edge of arms 1506 and 1508. Slotted notches 1510 each include a distal ridge, one intermediate ridge, and proximal ramp and can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as slotted notches 108, 206, 310, 606, and 706 of Y-type link 100, I-type link 200, X-type link 300, V-type link 600, and L-type link 700, respectively. Longer slotted notch 1512 includes a distal ridge, two intermediate ridges, and proximal ramp and can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as slotted notches 312 and 806 of X-type link 300 and hub link 800, respectively.

Upside down T-type link 1500 also includes ridges 1514 protruding outward from the opposite sides of arm 1504. Ridges 1514 can be similar in size, shape, and/or function as outer protrusions 316, ridges 1312 and ridges 1412 of X-type link 300, link 1300, and link 1400, respectively.

As noted, some interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure are configured to couple to one another such that the links are removably connected and also can move relative to one another when connected. Stated another way, multiple links can be connected such that the connected links, without any additional device or mechanism, form an articulating joint there between, which joint imparts one or more degrees of freedom of movement on the combination of removably connected links. Example combinations of two links removably connected to one another and able to move relative to one another include X-type and O-type links, and X-type and any one of links 1000, 1100, and 1200. Additional examples include any one of upside down T-type links 1300, 1200, 1400, and 1500 coupled and moveable relative to any one of O-type link 400 and links 1000, 1100, and 1200. Additional examples are also possible.

FIGS. 16A-16F depict examples illustrative of many different combinations of two or more interlocking links that are removably coupled and moveable relative to each other. FIGS. 16A-16C depict upside down T-type link 1300 coupled to link 1000. Link 1000 is shown in section in FIG. 16A.

In the example of FIGS. 16A-16C, arm 1304 of link 1300 is inserted into and received by hole 1006 of circular portion 1002 of link 1000. In operation, link 1000 is pushed down arm 1304 of link 1300 until hole 1006 goes past ridges 1312 and abuts or nearly abuts base 1302 of link 1300. Ridges 1312 are sized and shaped such that hole 1006 can be pushed past and thereafter be captured by the ridges. Additionally, once link 1000 is disposed relative to link 1300 as depicted in FIG. 16A, the size of hole 1006 and width of arm 1304 between ridges 1312 and base 1302 allows links 1000 and 1300 to move relative to one another. For example, the width, W1, of arm 1304 at ridges 1312 can be slightly greater than the diameter of hole 1006 and the width, W2, of arm 1304 between ridges 1312 and base 1302 can be slightly less than the diameter of hole 1006. As illustrated in FIGS. 16B and 16C, in this manner, arm 1304 of link 1300 effectively acts as an axel about which link 1000 is free to rotate.

The structures, arrangements, functions, and other principles of the removable coupling and articulating joint defined between links 1000 and 1300 in the example of FIGS. 16A-16C can be employed with other combinations of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure including those combinations enumerated above and other combinations. Additionally, two or more interlocking links including a thru hole or aperture can be removably coupled and moveable relative to each other and the arm of another link. For example, two links 1000 can be connected to arm 1304 of link 1300 such that the two links 1000 are stacked on arm 1304 between ridge 1312 and base 1302. In this example, the two links 1000 can rotate about arm 1304 relative to each other and relative to arm 1304, thereby creating a double joint. One example view of such a configuration is illustrated in FIG. 16D.

To improve the stability and function of interlocked links that are removably connected and also moveable relative to each other, the arms of two links can be coupled by a slotted notch connection and then the two arms of the two links can be inserted into the hole of a third link such that the third link is coupled and moveable relative to the first two links. FIGS. 16E and 16F depict an example of this type of combination, although many other similar combinations of different interlocking links are possible. In FIG. 16E, upside down T-type links 1300 and 1400 are removably connected to each other by a slotted notch connection. For example, slotted notch 1406 of link 1400 is inserted into slotted notch 1306 of link 1300 until the proximal end of slotted notch 1406 meets the proximal end of slotted notch 1306. In this arrangement, arm 1404 of link 1400 extends along and is approximately perpendicular to arm 1304 of link 1300. From a perspective perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of arms 1304 and 1404, the two connected links form a “+” or “X” shape, as illustrated in FIGS. 16E and 16F. The two arms 1304 and 1404 can then be inserted into and received by hole 1006 of link 1000 and thereafter be disposed and function in a manner similar to that described with reference to the example of FIGS. 16A-16C.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view depicting an example combination of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure, including combinations of links that are removably connected and moveable relative to one another. In FIG. 17, robot 1700 is a plurality of interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure that have been coupled and combined to construct an amusement device, in this case, a figurine of an imaginary robot. The shoulder joints 1702 of robot 1700 are articulating joint such that the arms 1704 can rotate in the direction generally represented by arrow A. The articulating shoulder joints 1704 of robot 1700 are formed of one link 1200′ substantially similar to link 1200, an O-type link 300′ similar to or the same as link 400, a link 1000′ similar to or the same as link 1000, and a link 1400′ similar to or the same as top hat link 1400. The top hat link 1400′ is connected via slotted notch connection to the link 1200′ such that the two links are arranged approximately perpendicular to one another. The apertures of link 1000′ and the O-type link 300′ are disposed to surround the arm of the top hat link 1400′ and the arm of link 1200′.

The manner in which link 1200′, link 1000′ and the O-type link 300′ are moveably coupled to one another can be similar to examples described above. For example, the arm of link 1200′ can be inserted into and received by the holes in link 1000′ and in O-type link 300′. Link 1000′ and O-type link 300′ can be pushed down the arm of link 1200′ until one or both of the holes goes past ridges or other protrusions extending outward from the sides of the arms of link 1200′. The outwardly extending ridges in the arm of link 1200′ can be sized and shaped such that the holes in the link 1000′ and in the O-type link 300′ can be pushed past and thereafter be captured by the ridges. Additionally, once the links are disposed as depicted in FIG. 17, the size of the holes in link 1000′ and in O-type link 300′ and the width of the arm of link 1200′ between the outwardly extending ridges can allow links 1000′ and 1200′ to move relative to one another about the arms of the top hat link 1400′ and link 1200′.

Interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure can come individually or in different sets of links in different sizes. For example, one set of links in accordance with this disclosure may be larger than a different set of links. FIGS. 18A and 18B depict two differently sized X-type links 1800 and 1802, which other than the overall size are substantially similar in shape and function and include substantially similar interlocking slotted notches. FIGS. 18A and 18B illustrate that X-type link 1800 is about two times the size of X-type link 1802. However, the relative and absolute dimensions of X-type links 1800 and 1802 depicted in FIGS. 18A and 18B are illustrative only and, in other examples, X-type or other links in accordance with this disclosure can be sized differently, both in absolute and relative terms.

The differently sized interlocking links can be well suited for different applications. For example, larger links can be more useful and enjoyable for younger users. Smaller links can be more amenable to complex combinations of interlocking links to form relatively complex toys or other amusement devices. For example, smaller links or “mini-links” may be well adapted for constructing complex action figures with articulating joints, although figures with articulating joints may still be formed from combinations of larger or “mega-links.”

FIGS. 19-21 depict additional interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure. The shapes, sizes, functions, and other characteristics of the example links of FIGS. 19-21 have been illustrated and described above with reference to other links in accordance with this disclosure. The characteristics of the individual links of FIGS. 19-21 and the manner in which such links can be combined and example combinations of multiple links includes at least those described with reference to other links disclosed herein. However, the particular combination of shape, size, function, and/or other characteristics of each of the example links of FIGS. 19-21 differs from the other example interlocking links described above.

FIG. 19 is an example interlocking link 1900 with six arms extending distally from a central region of the link. FIG. 20 is another example I-type interlocking link 2000 with two arms extending distally from a central region of the link. FIG. 21 is an example O-type link 2100, which includes a combination of slotted notches circumferentially arranged instead of the triangular notches of O-type link 400 of FIG. 4.

As illustrated by the foregoing examples, interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure are configured to be friction or press-fit to one another and to tubes of exhausted household products to form a variety of shapes and objects. In some cases, interlocking links can be connected such that the links are removably connected and also can move relative to one another when connected. The links can be used in a wide variety of combinations to create different shapes and objects for amusement. Additionally, the links and tubes can be deconstructed and then reused for different projects.

One manner in which interlocking links are connected to one another is a slot in one link that is undersized relative to the thickness of a second link. Additionally, in some cases, the slot can include a number of protrusions that extend into the slot and function to increase the strength of the friction fit between two links. A number of different link thicknesses and slot widths can be employed. Another mechanism for connecting multiple links is inserting the arm of one link into a hole or aperture of another link. In some cases, this combination will include an articulating joint between the two or more removably coupled links.

The different shaped links, different notch and slotted notch configurations and combinations thereof provide additional combinations of interlocked links at different relative orientations and, in some cases, capable of movement relative to one another. Additional notches, slotted notches and combinations thereof in different links in accordance with this disclosure allow for an expanded range of relative angles that can be used for each link, relative to other links. Additional circular links also facilitate the ability of such links to move in a circular motion, spin and/or be repositioned, relative to other links.

Interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure can be fabricated from a variety of materials. For example, the links can be fabricated from a variety of plastics, woods, metals, and composites. In one example, the links are fabricated in part or in whole from non-toxic, recycled materials.

Interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure can be employed as part of or constitute an amusement device or system, including, e.g., a toy or game. The links can be used by people of a variety of ages, including young children. In the case of young children, it can be desirable to make the links both durable and non-toxic. Additionally, in an attempt to reduce the potential environmental impact of fabrication, the links can be made from recycled materials.

In one example, links in accordance with this disclosure are fabricated from a fiberboard material. Fiberboard can be a type of engineered wood product, which may be constructed from recycled wood fibers. Examples of fiberboards that can be used include particle board, medium-density fiberboard, and hardboard. Some fiberboards appropriate for use in the construction of links in accordance with this disclosure may be classified as “green” materials, which may include bio-based, secondary raw materials (wood chip or sugarcane fibers) recovered from certain distance from the manufacturing facilities. The resin or other binding agent used in this type of fiberboard can be an all-natural product, consisting of vegetable starch containing no added formaldehydes.

FIG. 22 depicts a partial cross-section of an example link 2200 constructed from fiberboard. In FIG. 22, link 2200 includes three fiberboard layers 2202, two paper layers 2204, and two seal layers 2206. Fiberboard layers 2202 and paper layers 2204 can be connected using a variety of adhesives.

In one example, the combined thickness, t_(f), of fiberboard layers 2202 is approximately 0.125 inches. The thickness, t, of link 2200 including fiberboard layers 2202, paper layers 2204, and seal layers 2206 can be approximately 0.135 inches. The layered fiberboard link 2200 is configured to be strong and durable enough for repeated use by a variety of users, including users prone to subject link 2200 to a high degree of wear, e.g. young children.

In some examples, links in accordance with this disclosure can be fabricated from a single layer of fiberboard. However, employing multiple layers, e.g., as in link 2200, may increase the strength, rigidity, and tear resistance of the link. Fibers in a single layer of fiberboard may tend to be aligned with one another. However, when multiple different layers of fiberboard are adhered to one another, the fibers in each layer may be partially and evenly substantially misaligned with one another. The misalignment between fibers in the successive fiberboard layers can function to increase the structural integrity of the link.

Paper layers 2204 can be configured to provide a mechanism for providing link 2200 in a variety of colors and also for printing text and graphical content on the surfaces of link 2200. In one example, paper layers 2204 can be died in a variety of colors, including, e.g., with a variety of vegetable-based dies such as soy-based dies. Additionally, trademarks, logos, pictures, user instructions, and a variety of other content can be printed on paper layers 2204, including, e.g., by using lithography.

Seal layers 2206 can be configured to provide another layer of protection to link 2200 against wear. Seal layers 2206 can include a variety of non-toxic sealants, including, e.g., a variety of aqueous seals.

Links in accordance with this disclosure can be manufactured using a variety of techniques. In one example, the links are manufactured using a laser cutting apparatus. In another example, the links are manufactured using a water jet cutting apparatus. In another example, the links are manufactured by using a die cutting apparatus. In the case of links manufactured from metals, such links could also be machined or cast. In the case of links manufactured from plastics, such links can be molded, including injection molded.

As noted above, the manner in which links in accordance with this disclosure are connected to one another is, in some examples, a slot in one link that is sized relative to the thickness of a second link such that the second link can be press-fit into the slot. In some cases, the slot can include a number of ridges, ramps, slopes, or other protrusions that extend into the slot and function to increase the strength of the friction fit between two links.

In addition to being configured to connect to one another and to tubes of exhausted household products, links in accordance with this disclosure can also be connected to building elements of other toy building systems. For example, the slots in links in accordance with this disclosure can be sized such that building elements from stud-and-tube toy building sets can be friction fit into the slot and thereby connect the elements of the stud-and-tube system with links in accordance with this disclosure. Examples of toy building system building elements, which may be connected to links in accordance with this disclosure include elements from LEGO®, KRE-O®, and Mega Bloks®, among other such toy building systems. Example links that may be configured to connect to building elements of other toy building systems include any of the foregoing examples, including the example links illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, 5, 6, 8-10, and 24.

FIGS. 23-25 illustrate interlocking links in accordance with this disclosure coupled to building elements of another toy building system. FIG. 23 is a perspective view of two interlocked X-type links 2300 in accordance with this disclosure. The X-type links 2300 may interlock with one another along their respective slotted notches. Plate 2302 of a stud-and-tube toy building system is friction-fit into the slotted notches in one of the arms of one of the X-type links 2300. Additionally, once plate 2302 is connected to one of the X-type links 2300, additional building elements of the stud-and-tube building system, for example, additional plates and/or bricks can be connected to plate 2302, as illustrated in FIG. 23.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of chip links 2400 in accordance with this disclosure, which are connected to two plates 2402 of a stud-and-tube toy building system. Once plates 2402 are connected to chip link 2400, additional building elements of the stud-and-tube building system, for example, additional plates and/or bricks can be connected to plates 2402.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of two interlocked Y-type links 2500 in accordance with this disclosure, one of which is connected to plate 2502 of a stud-and-tube toy building system. Once plate 2502 is connected to Y-type link 2500, additional building elements of the stud-and-tube building system, for example, additional plates and/or bricks can be connected to plate 2502.

Links in accordance with this disclosure can be connected to one another and to a variety of tubes to form a variety of shapes. FIGS. 26-37 depict example links connected to one another and to paper-based tubes of exhausted paper towels and bathroom tissues to form a number of example configurations. The examples of FIGS. 26-37 are not exhaustive of the different configurations possible. Instead, these examples illustrate the wide variety of different shapes and configurations that can be constructed using links in accordance with this disclosure.

For example, FIG. 26 is a perspective view of paper cylinders 2600, 2602 connected at a substantially 90 degree angle via one Y-type link 100 and two I-type links 200. As another example, FIG. 27 shows paper cylinders 2700, 2702 connected at a substantially 125 degree angle via one Y-type link 100 and two I-type links 200.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of two interlocked X-type links 300. The X-type links 300 may interlock with one another along their respective slotted notches 312. Narrow portions of the slotted notches 312 may cooperate with each other to provide a friction fit to prevent the X-type links 300 from disengaging from one another. In another example, two X-type links 800 could be connected via curved slotted notches 804 in a similar manner as shown in FIG. 13.

With the X-type links 300 interlocked as shown in FIG. 28, a three-dimensional link may be formed that can receive paper tubes or cylinders at a number of connection points, e.g., six connection points. FIGS. 29 and 30, for example, illustrate a paper cylinder 2900 connected at one such connection point 3000 of a three-dimensional link formed by interlocking two X-type links 300. As shown in FIG. 30, the connection point 3000 exerts a force at the inner diameter of the paper cylinder 2900, facilitating a friction fit between the X-type links 300 and the paper cylinder 2900 and preventing the paper cylinder 2900 from disengaging from the X-type links 300.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of two paper cylinders 3100, 3102 connected to interlocked X-type links 300. The paper cylinders 3100, 3102 are substantially orthogonal to one another. FIG. 32 shows two paper cylinders 3200, 3202 connected to interlocked X-type links 300 in a substantially linear fashion.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a number of paper cylinders 3300, 3302, 3304, 3306, 3308, 3310 connected to interlocked X-type links 300. I-type links 200 may be connected to one or more of the paper cylinders, e.g., paper cylinders 3300 and 3308, as shown in FIG. 33.

Besides paper cylinders or tubes, other links can be connected to the three-dimensional link formed by interlocking two X-type links 300. For example, FIG. 34 illustrates toric link 400 connected to interlocked X-type links 300. This configuration may be useful, for example, in providing other connection points around the perimeter of the O-shaped link 400 to which paper cylinders or other links can be attached. As another example, FIG. 35 illustrates a Y-type link 100 connected to interlocked X-type links 300.

As another example of links cooperating with one another to form larger structures to which paper cylinders or tubes can be attached, FIG. 36 depicts a number of I-type links 200 connected to toric link 400. Although I-type links 200 are used in the example of FIG. 36, the links may be any combination Y-type links 100, X-type links 300, or any other links in accordance with this disclosure. The slotted notches and/or triangular notches on these links can then form connection points to which other links and/or paper tubes or cylinders can be attached. In this way, structures can be constructed with a wider variety of shapes than is feasible with some conventional implementations.

As another example of links cooperating with one another to form larger structures to which paper cylinders or tubes can be attached, FIG. 37 depicts two Y-type links 100 connected by chip link 500. In this arrangement, the two Y-type links 100 lie generally in parallel planes and chip link 500 is generally perpendicular to links 100. Chip link 500 can be employed to couple other links in accordance with this disclosure in a similar fashion as shown in FIG. 37. For example, chip link 500 could connect two I-type, X-type, or toric links in accordance with this disclosure such that the links lie generally in parallel planes and chip link 500 is generally perpendicular to the coupled links. Additionally, chip link 500 could connect different combinations of different links, e.g., I-type to X-type or X-type to Y-type.

Additional examples of links cooperating with one another to form larger structures are depicted in FIGS. 38-40. FIG. 38 depicts an I-type link 200 connected to Y-type link 100 via slotted notches in each link. The I-type 200 and Y-type link 300 are connected such that the links are approximately perpendicular to one another. Additionally, a paper tube 3800 is inserted over the I-type link 200 and over a portion of one arm of Y-type link 100. FIG. 39 depicts a Y-type link 100 coupled to two chip links 500 and also a thin sheet of paper, cardboard, or some other sheet material (3900). Chip links 500 are received in the slotted notches of two of the arms of Y-type link 100 and sheet 3900 can then also be captured in the slotted notches of the Y-type link. FIG. 40 depicts a chip link 500 received in the slotted notch of one arm of a Y-type link 100. The interlocked chip link 500 and Y-type link 100 are then inserted into and removably coupled to a paper tube 4000.

VARIOUS NOTES & EXAMPLES

Example 1 can include a system of interlocking links, the system comprising: a first flat link having a uniform thickness, the first link comprising an arm with at least two protrusions extending outward from respective sides of the arm; and a second flat link having a uniform thickness, the second link comprising an aperture, wherein the arm is received in the aperture and the protrusions of the arm are disposed relative to the aperture such that the first and second links are removably coupled and moveable relative to one another.

Example 2 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include a third flat link having a uniform thickness and an arm, the arm of the third link comprising a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion, wherein: the arm of the first link comprises a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion; one of the first and third links being received in and coupled to the slotted notch of the other of the first and third links such that the first and second links are approximately perpendicular to one another; and the arms of the first and third links are received in the aperture of the second link and the protrusions of the arm of the first link are disposed relative to the aperture such that the first and third links are removably coupled and moveable relative to the second link.

Example 3 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 2, to optionally include the first and third links forming an axel surrounded by the aperture of and about which the second link rotates.

Example 4 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 2-3, to optionally include the second link being disposed approximately perpendicular to the first and third links.

Example 5 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 2-4, to optionally include the at least two protrusions being aligned with one another longitudinally along the arm of the first link; the arm of the first link comprising a first width defined by the arm and the at least two protrusions extending outward from the respective sides of the arm; the arm comprising a second width defined by the arm at locations without the at least two protrusions; the first width being greater than the second width and greater than a diameter of the aperture of the second link; and the second width being less than the diameter of the aperture of the second link.

Example 6 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 2-5, to optionally include the linear portion of each of the slotted notches of the first and third links comprising a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.

Example 7 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 2-6, to optionally include the second link comprises a circular portion and an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, the aperture being centrally aligned with the circular portion.

Example 8 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 7, to optionally include the arm of the second link extending radially along an axis aligned with a center of the circular portion and the aperture of the second link.

Example 9 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 7, to optionally include the arm of the second link comprising a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion.

Example 10 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 9, to optionally include the linear portion the slotted notch of the second link comprising a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.

Example 11 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include the first link forming an axel surrounded by the aperture of and about which the second link rotates.

Example 12 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include the second link being disposed approximately perpendicular to the first link.

Example 13 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include the at least two protrusions being aligned with one another longitudinally along the arm of the first link; the arm of the first link comprising a first width defined by the arm and the at least two protrusions extending outward from the respective sides of the arm; the arm comprising a second width defined by the arm at locations without the at least two protrusions; the first width being greater than the second width and greater than a diameter of the aperture of the second link; and the second width being less than the diameter of the aperture of the second link.

Example 14 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include the linear portion of the slotted notch of the first link comprising a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.

Example 15 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include the second link comprising a circular portion and an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, the aperture being centrally aligned with the circular portion.

Example 16 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 15, to optionally include the arm of the second link extending radially along an axis aligned with a center of the circular portion and the aperture of the second link.

Example 17 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 15, to optionally include the arm of the second link comprising a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion.

Example 18 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 17, to optionally include the linear portion the slotted notch of the second link comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.

Example 19 can include a system of interlocking links, the system comprising: a first flat link having a uniform thickness, the first link comprising an arm with a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion and with at least two protrusions extending outward from respective sides of the arm; and a second flat link having a uniform thickness, the second link comprising an aperture, a third flat link having a uniform thickness, the third link comprising arm with a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion, the first link being received in the slotted notch of the third link and the third link being receive in the slotted notch of the first link such that the first and second links are approximately perpendicular to one another; and the arms of the first and third links are received in the aperture of the second link and the protrusions of the arm of the first link are disposed relative to the aperture such that the first and third links are removably coupled and moveable relative to the second link.

Example 20 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 19, to optionally include the first and third links forming an axel surrounded by the aperture of and about which the second link rotates.

Example 21 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 19-20, to optionally include the second link being disposed approximately perpendicular to the first and third links.

Example 22 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 19-21, to optionally include the at least two protrusions being aligned with one another longitudinally along the arm of the first link; the arm of the first link comprising a first width defined by the arm and the at least two protrusions extending outward from the respective sides of the arm; the arm comprising a second width defined by the arm at locations without the at least two protrusions; the first width being greater than the second width and greater than a diameter of the aperture of the second link; and the second width being less than the diameter of the aperture of the second link.

Example 23 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 19-22, to optionally include the second link comprising a circular portion and an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, the aperture being centrally aligned with the circular portion.

Example 24 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 23, to optionally include the arm of the second link extending radially along an axis aligned with a center of the circular portion and the aperture of the second link.

Example 25 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 23-24, to optionally include the arm of the second link comprising a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion.

Example 26 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 25, to optionally include the linear portion the slotted notch of the second link comprising a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.

Example 27 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 25-26, to optionally include the linear portion of each of the slotted notches of the first and third links comprising a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.

Example 28 can include a system of interlocking links, the system comprising: a first flat link, the first link comprising an arm with a slotted notch and with at least two protrusions extending outward from respective sides of the arm; and a second flat link, the second link comprising a circular portion, an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, and an aperture centrally aligned with the circular portion, the arm of the second link comprising a slotted notch; and a third flat link, the third link comprising arm with a slotted notch, the first link being received in the slotted notch of the third link and the third link being receive in the slotted notch of the first link such that the first and second links are approximately perpendicular to one another; and the arms of the first and third links are received in the aperture of the second link and the protrusions of the arm of the first link being disposed relative to the aperture such that the second link is removably coupled and movable relative to the first and third links, each of the slotted notches of the first, second, and third links comprise: a distal protrusion defining a first width of the slotted notch; a proximal protrusion defining a second width of the slotted notch; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width of the slotted notch, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than a thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending inward from one side of the slotted notch; and the intermediate protrusion extending inward from the other side of the slotted notch.

Example 29 can include a system comprising: a flat link having a uniform thickness, the link comprising: a central region; two or more arms extending distally from the central region, wherein at least one of the arms comprises: a width configured to be press fit into a tubular element of a household product, and at least one slotted notch extending proximally from a distal end of the arm, wherein the at least one slotted notch comprises a slot portion comprising a width that is less than or equal to the thickness of the link; and a building element of a stud-and-tube toy building system, the building element being disposed in the at least one slotted notch.

Example 30 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 29, to optionally include the link comprising three arms extending distally from the central region to form a “Y” shape.

Example 31 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 30, to optionally include the at least one slotted notch comprising a plurality of slotted notches, and wherein each of the three arms comprises one of the plurality of slotted notches extending proximally from a distal end of the arm.

Example 32 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 29, to optionally include the link comprising four arms extending distally from the central region to form an “X” shape.

Example 33 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 32, to optionally include the at least one slotted notch comprising a plurality of slotted notches, and wherein each of the four arms comprises one of the plurality of slotted notches extending proximally from a distal end of the arm.

Example 34 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 33, to optionally include one of the slotted notches extending proximally a greater distance than the other slotted notches.

Example 35 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 29, to optionally include the link comprising two arms extending distally from the central region to form an “I” shape.

Example 36 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 35, to optionally include the at least one slotted notch comprising two slotted notches, and wherein each of the two arms comprises one of the plurality of slotted notches extending proximally from a distal end of the arm.

Example 37 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-36, to optionally include the link comprising at least one of fiberboard, plastic, or wood.

Example 38 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-37, to optionally include the link comprising a plurality of layers of fiberboard.

Example 39 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 38, to optionally include the link comprising: first, second, and third fiberboard layers, wherein the second fiberboard layer is arranged between the first and the second fiberboard layers; a first paper layer substantially covering a major surface of the first fiberboard layer; and a second paper layer substantially covering a major surface of the third fiberboard layer.

Example 40 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-39, to optionally include the link comprising an aqueous coating.

Example 41 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-40, to optionally include the slot portion of the at least one slotted notch comprising a plurality of protrusions extending into the slot portion, wherein a width of the slot portion between two generally opposing protrusions is less than the thickness of the link.

Example 42 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 41, to optionally include the plurality of protrusions comprising: a first protrusion arranged toward a distal end of the slot portion; a second protrusion arranged toward a proximal end of the slot portion; and at least one intermediate protrusion arranged between the first and second protrusions.

Example 43 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 42, to optionally include the plurality of protrusions comprising: a first protrusion arranged toward a proximal end of the slot portion; and at least one intermediate protrusion arranged between a distal end of the slot portion and the first protrusion.

Example 44 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-43, to optionally include the at least one slotted notch comprising a notch portion, and wherein the slot portion extends from an end of the notch portion.

Example 45 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 44, to optionally include the notch portion being triangular.

Example 46 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-45, to optionally include the slot portion being at least one of substantially linear or curved.

Example 47 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 29-46, to optionally include the slot portion comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width of the slot portion; a proximal protrusion defining a third width of the slot portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a second width of the slot portion, wherein the intermediate protrusion is arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions and wherein the third width is less than the thickness of the link.

The flat links referred to in each of the foregoing examples can be one of the example interconnecting links described in the examples of this application. For example, any link referred to in each of the foregoing examples can be a link similar to or the same as link 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1900, 2000, or 2100.

Various examples have been described. These and other examples are within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A system of interlocking links, the system comprising: a first flat link having a uniform thickness, the first link comprising an arm with at least two protrusions extending outward from respective sides of the arm; and a second flat link having a uniform thickness, the second link comprising an aperture, wherein the arm is received in the aperture and the protrusions of the arm are disposed relative to the aperture such that the first and second links are removably coupled and moveable relative to one another.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a third flat link having a uniform thickness and an arm, the arm of the third link comprising a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion, wherein: the arm of the first link comprises a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion; one of the first and third links being received in and coupled to the slotted notch of the other of the first and third links such that the first and second links are approximately perpendicular to one another; and the arms of the first and third links are received in the aperture of the second link and the protrusions of the arm of the first link are disposed relative to the aperture such that the first and third links are removably coupled and moveable relative to the second link.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and third links form an axel surrounded by the aperture of and about which the second link rotates.
 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the second link is disposed approximately perpendicular to the first and third links.
 5. The system of claim 2, wherein: the at least two protrusions are aligned with one another longitudinally along the arm of the first link; the arm of the first link comprises a first width defined by the arm and the at least two protrusions extending outward from the respective sides of the arm; the arm comprises a second width defined by the arm at locations without the at least two protrusions; the first width being greater than the second width and greater than a diameter of the aperture of the second link; and the second width being less than the diameter of the aperture of the second link.
 6. The system of claim 2, wherein: the linear portion of each of the slotted notches of the first and third links comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.
 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the second link comprises a circular portion and an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, the aperture being centrally aligned with the circular portion.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the arm of the second link extends radially along an axis aligned with a center of the circular portion and the aperture of the second link.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the arm of the second link comprises a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein: the linear portion the slotted notch of the second link comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first link forms an axel surrounded by the aperture of and about which the second link rotates.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the second link is disposed approximately perpendicular to the first link.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein: the at least two protrusions are aligned with one another longitudinally along the arm of the first link; the arm of the first link comprises a first width defined by the arm and the at least two protrusions extending outward from the respective sides of the arm; the arm comprises a second width defined by the arm at locations without the at least two protrusions; the first width being greater than the second width and greater than a diameter of the aperture of the second link; and the second width being less than the diameter of the aperture of the second link.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein: the linear portion of the slotted notch of the first link comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.
 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the second link comprises a circular portion and an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, the aperture being centrally aligned with the circular portion.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the arm of the second link extends radially along an axis aligned with a center of the circular portion and the aperture of the second link.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the arm of the second link comprises a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein: the linear portion the slotted notch of the second link comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.
 19. A system of interlocking links, the system comprising: a first flat link having a uniform thickness, the first link comprising an arm with a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion and with at least two protrusions extending outward from respective sides of the arm; and a second flat link having a uniform thickness, the second link comprising an aperture, a third flat link having a uniform thickness, the third link comprising arm with a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion, the first link being received in the slotted notch of the third link and the third link being receive in the slotted notch of the first link such that the first and second links are approximately perpendicular to one another; and the arms of the first and third links are received in the aperture of the second link and the protrusions of the arm of the first link are disposed relative to the aperture such that the first and third links are removably coupled and moveable relative to the second link.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first and third links form an axel surrounded by the aperture of and about which the second link rotates.
 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the second link is disposed approximately perpendicular to the first and third links.
 22. The system of claim 19, wherein: the at least two protrusions are aligned with one another longitudinally along the arm of the first link; the arm of the first link comprises a first width defined by the arm and the at least two protrusions extending outward from the respective sides of the arm; the arm comprises a second width defined by the arm at locations without the at least two protrusions; the first width being greater than the second width and greater than a diameter of the aperture of the second link; and the second width being less than the diameter of the aperture of the second link.
 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the second link comprises a circular portion and an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, the aperture being centrally aligned with the circular portion.
 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the arm of the second link extends radially along an axis aligned with a center of the circular portion and the aperture of the second link.
 25. The system of claim 23, wherein the arm of the second link comprises a slotted notch comprising a substantially triangular portion and a substantially linear portion extending from a vertex of the substantially triangular portion.
 26. The system of claim 25, wherein: the linear portion the slotted notch of the second link comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.
 27. The system of claim 25, wherein: the linear portion of each of the slotted notches of the first and third links comprises a first side and a second side and a plurality of protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides, the plurality of protrusions comprising: a distal protrusion defining a first width equal to a distance between the distal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; a proximal protrusion defining a second width equal to a distance between the proximal protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width equal to a distance between the intermediate protrusion and one of the first and second sides of the linear portion, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending from one of the first and second sides of the linear portion; and the intermediate protrusion extending from the other of the first and second sides of the linear portion.
 28. A system of interlocking links, the system comprising: a first flat link, the first link comprising an arm with a slotted notch and with at least two protrusions extending outward from respective sides of the arm; and a second flat link, the second link comprising a circular portion, an arm extending distally from a periphery of the circular portion, and an aperture centrally aligned with the circular portion, the arm of the second link comprising a slotted notch; and a third flat link, the third link comprising arm with a slotted notch, the first link being received in the slotted notch of the third link and the third link being receive in the slotted notch of the first link such that the first and second links are approximately perpendicular to one another; and the arms of the first and third links are received in the aperture of the second link and the protrusions of the arm of the first link being disposed relative to the aperture such that the second link is removably coupled and movable relative to the first and third links, at least one of the slotted notches of the first, second, and third links comprise: a distal protrusion defining a first width of the slotted notch; a proximal protrusion defining a second width of the slotted notch; and an intermediate protrusion defining a third width of the slotted notch, the intermediate protrusion being arranged between the distal and proximal protrusions; the second width being less than a thickness of the first, second, and third links; the first and the third widths being greater than the thickness of the first, second, and third links; the distal and proximal protrusions extending inward from one side of the slotted notch; and the intermediate protrusion extending inward from the other side of the slotted notch. 